{"id":280673,"date":"2018-11-03T13:16:43","date_gmt":"2018-11-03T11:16:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/?p=280673"},"modified":"2018-11-02T14:23:43","modified_gmt":"2018-11-02T12:23:43","slug":"how-twitter-bots-and-internet-trolls-sow-racial-and-political-division-in-sa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/internet\/280673\/how-twitter-bots-and-internet-trolls-sow-racial-and-political-division-in-sa\/","title":{"rendered":"How Twitter bots and internet trolls sow racial and political division in SA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.superlinear.co.za\/political-interference-in-south-african-politics-on-twitter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>An investigation by Superlinear<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0reveals political influence by pro-EFF, pro-Radical Economic Transformation, and the International Far Right groups on social media.<\/p>\n<p>Superlinear is run by data scientist Kyle Findlay, who publishes his findings on South African society on the website.<\/p>\n<p>In his latest investigation Findlay looked at political interference through Twitter which occurred between 2014 and 2018.<\/p>\n<p>This was achieved through assessing how many accounts Twitter were suspended across 28 datasets relating to politics, social unrest, and race relations in South Africa.<\/p>\n<p>The data was then used to \u201cquantify the extent of suspicious activity and to generate some hypotheses around who might be involved and what their agendas are\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Findlay highlighted that there is no way of knowing whether the users that were retweeted by suspended authors knew that their tweets were being artificially boosted.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJust because an author was retweeted by many suspended accounts does not mean that they were in on the game,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSuspended accounts could have retweeted them simply because their content aligned with the bad actors\u2019 agendas.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>The findings<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Findlay found that there are three main groups which were suspended for suspicious activity by Twitter:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pro-EFF<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 This content was shared in many of the datasets by suspended accounts with South African user locations. It is not clear whether these are real users that are being suspended for their divisive content or orchestrated fake accounts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro-Radical Economic Transformation<\/strong>\u00a0(RET) \u2013 This group focuses on a variety of issues including attacks on the Ramaphosa faction of the ANC, state capture-related topics such as state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and race relations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>International Far Right<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 This group focuses on issues relating to white fear such as farm killings and land expropriation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Bots, sock puppets and trolls<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to the research there are three types of bad actors which drive discussions of propaganda:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bots<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Automated accounts that are controlled by computers, algorithms, and rules. They tend to be used to boost the content of other accounts controlled by real people.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sock puppets<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Accounts controlled by real people pretending to be something they are not in order to advance an agenda.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trolls<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Real people that post content to get a rise out of other users. Bigots, racists, misogynists, and generally disagreeable users also fall into this category.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>South African political interference<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The investigation found that between 1% and 9% of Twitter posts were authored by suspended users in each dataset.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen we add in retweets of suspended authors\u2019 tweets, their footprints ranged from 2% to 18% of tweets in a given dataset,\u201d Findlay said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhile a minority in each case, these could have been enough to sway the tide of conversation as in the case of the Guptabots and the Russian IRA sock puppet accounts.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The charts below show the interference by suspended and deleted Twitter accounts on the topics which were investigated.<\/p>\n<p><a  data-lightbox=\"post-image\" href=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Twitter-Investigation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-280685\" src=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Twitter-Investigation.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1110\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Twitter-Investigation.png 1110w, https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Twitter-Investigation-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Twitter-Investigation-768x443.png 768w, https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Twitter-Investigation-1024x590.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1110px) 100vw, 1110px\" \/><\/a> <a  data-lightbox=\"post-image\" href=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Twitter-Investigation-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-280687\" src=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Twitter-Investigation-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1133\" height=\"808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Twitter-Investigation-2.png 1133w, https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Twitter-Investigation-2-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Twitter-Investigation-2-768x548.png 768w, https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Twitter-Investigation-2-1024x730.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1133px) 100vw, 1133px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>What the findings show<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to the research, \u201cit is very clear that there has been substantial interference within South African politics\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>His findings are summarised below.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The Pro-Radical Economic Transformation<\/strong>\u00a0actors are prolific. They seem to have their hands in ANC factionalism, anti-DA events and race division.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The pro-EFF<\/strong>\u00a0actors emerge when issues of real and perceived white racism come up, thus further dividing our country.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Far-Right group<\/strong>\u00a0seems driven by the International Far Right and focuses on stoking white fears and the further polarisation of society.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201cThis investigation shows that there is definitely interference in South African politics on Twitter, both by local and international actors,\u201d Findlay said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHowever, the interference does not yet appear to be on the scale experienced in some countries.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.superlinear.co.za\/political-interference-in-south-african-politics-on-twitter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Read the full analysis here.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Read:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/mobile\/278073\/twitter-posts-millions-of-tweets-linked-to-russia-iran\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Twitter posts millions of tweets linked to Russia, Iran<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An investigation by Superlinear\u00a0reveals political influence by pro-EFF, pro-Radical Economic Transformation, and the International Far Right groups on social media.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":43268,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9882],"tags":[26,93],"class_list":["post-280673","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internet","tag-headline","tag-twitter"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280673","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=280673"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280673\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":280693,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280673\/revisions\/280693"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=280673"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=280673"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=280673"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}