The policy document notes that the reopening of international tourism and the country borders will not only be dependent on South Africa’s coronavirus response, but also 44 primary source markets which drive international tourism to the country.<\/p>\n
To help model when these countries are likely to reopen, pandemic data for individual countries was sourced and manipulated to obtain the pandemic duration, maximum number of deaths per day, date of peak daily mortality and days since peak daily mortality.<\/p>\n
Date of peak daily mortality and peak value had to be determined for each country, and if a country had not yet reached its peak, these were estimated either by extrapolation or by setting a peak number and peak factor.<\/p>\n
A linear recovery equation was found for three benchmark countries: South Korea (plateau), China (steep) and the United States (very steep). Gradients and limitations were adjusted to apply more optimistic or pessimistic assumptions and develop alternative scenarios.<\/p>\n
Lastly, using China as a benchmark, where it took 60 days to open partially and a further 30 days for full domestic opening, the Oxford Lockdown Stringency Index (LSI) was used to approximate the number of days it would take from the point of recording zero daily deaths to full opening per source country.<\/p>\n
This produced something similar to the following model:<\/p>\n
Using this data, the department forecasts a global tourism re-opening between August 2020 and early 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n “This scenario assumes that the general observed recovery trajectory persists and that progress towards enhanced treatments for Covid-19 by the end of 2020 continue, with an accessible vaccine coming to market by the end of 2021,” the department said.<\/p>\n “Since indications of international border re-openings remain speculative at the time of writing, these dates represent the earliest likely date at which international travel will resume<\/strong>.”<\/p>\n The below model shows the estimated travel periods for South Africa’s primary ‘source countries’\u00a0 for tourism.<\/p>\n Localised and global reinfection\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n While the above model provides a positive picture globally, the risk of localised or global reinfection waves continue to threaten the global economic recovery and the strength and consistency of projected recoveries therefore come with low levels of certainty.<\/p>\n “As countries begin the process of re-opening, there remains a strong likelihood that trajectories out of lockdown conditions will prove far more fragile than hoped and that contagion risk in neighbouring countries or regions will force many nations to remain closed off from the world well into 2021,” the department said.<\/p>\n For this reason, the department provided two further global scenarios:<\/p>\n Under the first of these scenarios, the timeframe for early Asian\/Australasian re-opening moves from July\/August 2020 to November 2020<\/strong>, while core markets (the UK, Germany and the US) can only be expected to return after April 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n The second scenario paints an even bleaker picture, with international outbound travel from Asia picking up between May and July 2021<\/strong> and travel from core markets only returning from November 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n “In both of the more pessimistic scenarios, the 2020\/21 summer season will be seriously affected, with even the following year\u2019s peak months being under threat.<\/p>\n “This will have grave implications for supply-side survival. Given the modelling outputs and qualitative data emerging from the market, however, the stronger international recovery scenario remains the core outlook,” the department said.<\/p>\n It added that containment of the virus ultimately requires effective treatment and vaccine lead times will be a key indicator of the duration of the stabilisation phase.<\/p>\n This will inform visa policies and port of entry protocols as countries without sufficient herd immunity or access to treatment will seek to limit viral vectors, it said.<\/p>\n “In the interim, temporary and semi-permanent restrictions on traveller mobility are inevitable and unlikely to be standardised across markets.<\/p>\n “Measures such as immunity certification, pre- and post-travel quarantine and mandatory visitor tracking will reassure travellers but also impede the visitor experience”<\/p>\n South Africa<\/strong><\/p>\n The document notes that South Africa\u2019s pandemic curve thus far resembles the \u2018plateau\u2019 shape of countries such as South Korea, Australia and Singapore more than it does the \u2018exponential growth\u2019 experience of China, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States.<\/p>\n The implication is therefore that, having successfully \u2018flattened the curve\u2019 to prevent health services from being overwhelmed, the country now faces a more prolonged, but less acute battle against the pandemic, the department said.<\/p>\n Using the above model it used for foreign countries, it produced the three following scenarios for South Africa:<\/p>\n Citing data from the South African Covid-19 modelling consortium, the department said that the country is on track for a ‘middle-road recovery’.<\/p>\n Under this outlook, South Africa recovers slower than many other parts of the world but does not lag far behind key source markets in Europe and North America.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Model-1.png\")
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