{"id":611074,"date":"2022-07-27T09:57:58","date_gmt":"2022-07-27T07:57:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/?p=611074"},"modified":"2022-07-27T09:57:58","modified_gmt":"2022-07-27T07:57:58","slug":"new-zealand-moves-ahead-with-tobacco-laws-to-create-a-smoke-free-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/trending\/611074\/new-zealand-moves-ahead-with-tobacco-laws-to-create-a-smoke-free-future\/","title":{"rendered":"New Zealand moves ahead with tobacco laws to create a smoke free future"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>With the first reading of a new bill in parliament today, Aotearoa New Zealand\u2019s plan to be smoke-free by 2025 takes another tangible step forward.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parliament.nz\/en\/pb\/bills-and-laws\/bills-proposed-laws\/document\/BILL_125245\/smokefree-environments-and-regulated-products-smoked-tobacco\">Smokefree Environments and Regulated Products (Smoked Tobacco) Amendment Bill<\/a> will now go to the Health Select Committee for submissions and review, and (presumably) return to the House in late 2022 to be passed into law.<\/p>\n<p>Assuming the final legislation looks similar to what is being proposed, it will mean Aotearoa New Zealand leapfrogs all other countries to be at the vanguard of tobacco control, with policy settings aimed at getting smoking prevalence beneath 5% of the adult population within years (not decades).<\/p>\n<p>The bill provides for three key strategies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>drastically reducing nicotine content in tobacco so it is no longer addictive (known as \u201cdenicotinisation\u201d or \u201cvery low nicotine cigarettes\u201d (VLNC))<\/li>\n<li>a 90% to 95% reduction in the number of shops that can sell tobacco<\/li>\n<li>making it illegal to sell tobacco to people born in 2009 or later (thus creating a \u201csmoke-free generation\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If implemented effectively this is anticipated to have a profound impact on smoking.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Projected declines in smoking<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a  data-lightbox=\"post-image\" href=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Conversation-e1658908125530.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-611082\" src=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Conversation-e1658908125530.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Conversation-e1658908125530.png 1000w, https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Conversation-e1658908125530-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Conversation-e1658908125530-768x470.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Reducing M\u0101ori health inequity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If successful, this would be a monumental achievement for generations of tobacco-control advocates and researchers. The concept of a \u201ctobacco endgame\u201d will move beyond aspiration and into reality.<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019ve got to this point after decades of M\u0101ori leadership, research and advocacy, with the proposed legislation having its roots in the aim of reducing health inequities between M\u0101ori and non-M\u0101ori. This kaupapa (principle or policy) has driven the process and is supported by M\u0101ori communities.<\/p>\n<p>Much more will be written in coming months about this groundbreaking legislation. Here we focus on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2022.07.17.22277571v1\">modelling we were commissioned to provide<\/a> by the New Zealand government in 2021-2022 on the potential health and cost impacts of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/our-work\/preventative-health-wellness\/tobacco-control\/smokefree-aotearoa-2025-action-plan\">Smokefree Aotearoa 2025 Action Plan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Our findings underpinned the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/about-ministry\/information-releases\/regulatory-impact-statements\/regulatory-impact-statement-smokefree-aotearoa-2025-action-plan\">regulatory impact statement<\/a> that set out the options to regulate tobacco products as part of the action plan, which Cabinet considered in early 2022.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">New Zealand is taking a historic step towards our smokefree future.<\/p>\n<p>We will implement bold measures, including banning the sale of cigarettes to future generations, as part of our <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/Smokefree2025?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Smokefree2025<\/a> Action Plan. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/rx2tkrWJK9\">https:\/\/t.co\/rx2tkrWJK9<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Ayesha Verrall (@drayeshaverrall) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/drayeshaverrall\/status\/1468729272575479809?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">December 8, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>Large reductions in mortality rates<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In our work at Otago University\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.otago.ac.nz\/wellington\/departments\/publichealth\/research\/bode3\/\">BODE3 program<\/a> and the University of Melbourne\u2019s Scalable Health Intervention Evaluation (<a href=\"https:\/\/mspgh.unimelb.edu.au\/centres-institutes\/centre-for-epidemiology-and-biostatistics\/research-group\/shine?referrer=301_redirect\">SHINE<\/a>) we model many potential public health interventions, from dietary counselling and reducing salt in bread to the evaluation of screening programmes and drug treatments.<\/p>\n<p>We tally the likely health gains from these interventions, and how much they might reduce inequities in health. When we do this for the government\u2019s tobacco endgame strategy, the forecasts are breathtaking.<\/p>\n<p>Consider reductions in health inequities between M\u0101ori and non-M\u0101ori. First, we forecasted what M\u0101ori and non-M\u0101ori mortality rates will be in 2040 (and beyond) given trends we have seen in recent decades (business as usual in the graph above).<\/p>\n<p>Second, we estimated how much smoking (and vaping) rates would change into the future for the combined endgame policy (denicotinisation, retail reduction, smokefree generation regulations, augmented by some media promotion of the policy).<\/p>\n<p>Third, allowing for time lags, we modelled future disease rates (for example, lung and heart disease) and then the overall impact on mortality rates.<\/p>\n<p>We then compared the gap between M\u0101ori and non-M\u0101ori mortality or death rates in 2040 if there were no major policy changes, and under the combined tobacco endgame strategy. For those aged 45 and over, the gap was reduced by a staggering 22.9% for M\u0101ori females compared to non-M\u0101ori females, and a still very large 9.6% for males.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Projected decline in gap between M\u0101ori and non-M\u0101ori mortality rates<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a  data-lightbox=\"post-image\" href=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Conversation1-e1658908324808.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-611080\" src=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Conversation1-e1658908324808.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"774\" srcset=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Conversation1-e1658908324808.png 1000w, https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Conversation1-e1658908324808-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Conversation1-e1658908324808-768x594.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Longer, healthier lives<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In all our previous research, we have never seen a single health intervention with the potential to reduce health inequities this much.<\/p>\n<p>Why is a tobacco endgame so powerful at reducing M\u0101ori and non-M\u0101ori health inequities? Because smoking is so bad for health, smoking rates are particularly high among M\u0101ori, and M\u0101ori also have higher smoking-related disease rates.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, M\u0101ori see more health gains from the dramatic falls in tobacco smoking that will result from the policy. (Non-M\u0101ori also see large gains \u2013 just not as much per capita as M\u0101ori.)<\/p>\n<p>What about overall health gains? Our modelling suggests that, over the remaining lifespan of the New Zealand population alive in 2020, the tobacco endgame strategy will result in an extra 600,000 \u201chealth-adjusted life years\u201d lived (a measure of the impact of those interventions on life expectancy, adjusted for quality of life).<\/p>\n<p>To put this in perspective, this amount of health gain \u2013 accruing just to those people quitting smoking earlier or not taking it up, a minority of the population \u2013 is equivalent to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/article\/S2468-2667(20)30116-X\/fulltext\">health gains that would result<\/a> from a policy taxing sugar, fat and salt in all foods and removing the GST on healthy food.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Major health system savings<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Not only is this endgame policy increasing the health of the nation, it is also reducing future health expenditure.<\/p>\n<p>We estimated NZ$1.3 billion of health system costs would be avoided in the next 20 years. These savings can be used for other things, such as mental health and dementia care.<\/p>\n<p>And while the government will lose tax revenue from drastically reduced tobacco sales, the overall health of the population increases, meaning more people are in work for longer. We estimated an income gain to the New Zealand population of $1.4 billion in the next 20 years, which means more tax revenue as well.<\/p>\n<p>All modelling of the future is uncertain. But even allowing for that uncertainty, the health gains, the health inequity reductions, the savings in health expenditure, and the increased income productivity of New Zealanders that will result from this tobacco endgame strategy will be large.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tony Blakely &#8211; Professor of Epidemiology, Population Interventions Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne<\/li>\n<li>Andrew Waa &#8211; Lecturer in Public Health, University of Otago<\/li>\n<li>Driss Ait Ouakrim &#8211; Senior Research Fellow, Population Interventions Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne<\/li>\n<li><em>This article was first featured on The Conversation and can be accessed <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/new-zealands-tobacco-endgame-law-will-be-a-world-first-for-health-heres-what-the-modelling-shows-us-187075\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>here<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/lifestyle\/522218\/damning-reports-strengthen-push-for-new-smoking-and-cigarette-laws-in-south-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Damning reports strengthen push for new smoking and cigarette laws in South Africa<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With the first reading of a new bill in parliament today, Aotearoa New Zealand\u2019s plan to be smoke-free by 2025 takes another tangible step forward.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":611088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[26],"class_list":["post-611074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trending","tag-headline"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/611074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=611074"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/611074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":611096,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/611074\/revisions\/611096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/611088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=611074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=611074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=611074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}