The current constraints on power generation in South Africa, which has resulted in extended load shedding by electricity utility Eskom, is overshadowing another potentially more dire crisis: water.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe energy crisis is confronting us first, or maybe it is the most obvious, but for me, the current water shortage in Gauteng is absolutely a worse crisis. While the fundamental issues are the same, it is going to be a much more difficult situation for people to live with on a day-to-day basis,\u201d said Darrin Green, Africa MD at globally trusted infrastructure firm AECOM.<\/p>\n
Despite the issues being faced in the power sector, Green said that the work coming from it remains cyclical and difficult to secure. This is especially true on the high-voltage transmission and distribution side and even in the renewable energy sector, where despite a renewed focus, there is not a consistent flow of work.<\/p>\n
AECOM said its involvement here mainly extends to photovoltaic systems for buildings, for example. \u201cOf course, we have the necessary capability globally, but trying to bring that into the African market with all of the procurement issues we are facing is difficult,\u201d said Green.<\/p>\n
At a higher government policy level, energy also touches on sustainability, which AECOM embraces with its comprehensive Sustainable Legacies approach.<\/p>\n
Climate change and resilience advisory services are an increasingly important part of this strategy globally. However, the approach in South Africa tends to remain reactive, as demonstrated by the recent flooding in KwaZulu-Natal. The question is how to futureproof infrastructure to mitigate the impact of such unforeseen events.<\/p>\n
\u201cClients are not perceiving this as a priority. It must start with an overall understanding of sustainability and its key drivers. The South African market has not reached a sufficient level of maturity in this regard,\u201d said Green, adding it is being equally hampered by a lack of future planning and modelling.<\/p>\n
For example, integrated hydrological models of South Africa\u2019s coastlines are not being maintained or updated. Such modelling is critical not only to map out the available water resources, but to determine the potential runoff. \u201cThat determines the input into the design for various types of infrastructure,\u201d noted Green.<\/p>\n
If it is known how many cubic metres a second a river discharges into an area, and based on historical rainfall data, changing patterns can be determined and future anticipated runoff predicted
\nand planned for. However, what tends to happen is small-scale modelling is applied for individual developments, which often relies heavily on the consultant\u2019s experience.<\/p>\n
A lack of holistic or integrated planning means that any upstream developments will be affected by concentrated or uncontrolled runoff from elsewhere. Downstream infrastructure and properties
\nsimply cannot cope with that capacity, resulting in a snowball effect.<\/p>\n
\u201cIt is not so much that there is a lack of development policy or controls, but these are not enforced,\u201d said Green. While integrated planning is critical for stormwater, it applies to all infrastructure.<\/p>\n
In terms of electricity, integrated planning is not only essential to understand future supply and demand but also how to maintain the existing supply. Transitioning to renewable energy sources is a means of futureproofing, but it must be bolstered with adequate policy support.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe have to be at the level where we can design infrastructure with a proper understanding of all of these inputs,\u201d said Green.<\/p>\n
\u201cLifecycle costing optimisation needs to happen as part of this future-proofing. Another issue is that maintenance is not being carried out. Even if you design something the way it should be for resilience and futureproofing, a maintenance regime must be put in place.\u201d<\/p>\n
A simple example is ensuring stormwater drains remain clear. If these become blocked, it potentially changes the runoff pattern and can have a major impact on infrastructure elsewhere. \u201cThe mantra of \u2018maintenance, maintenance, maintenance\u2019 sounds very simple, but it is not being done,\u201d said Green.<\/p>\n