Just before US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen will visit South Africa as part of a renewed focus on the continent, she got a stark example of the challenges Washington faces in countering influence by its main global rivals Russia and China.<\/p>\n
Military officials in the African country warmly welcomed Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov on Monday and publicly defended naval drills planned for next month with Russia and China, stressing the \u201cstrong bonds\u201d between the three nations.<\/p>\n
That comes as Washington continues its unrelenting condemnation of Moscow for its war in Ukraine and a day after Yellen voiced her frustration with the pace of debt talks with Zambia, criticizing Beijing for the delays.<\/p>\n
Yellen\u2019s trip \u2014 part of the run-up to an Africa visit later this year by President Joe Biden \u2014 has so far served as a reminder of the entrenched relationships many countries have on the continent with Russia and China. It also highlights the difficulty the US faces globally in persuading countries that their interests are better served aligning with Washington on political and financial issues.<\/p>\n
\u201cSouth Africa, like any independent and sovereign state, has a right to conduct its foreign relations in line with its own diplomatic relations and national interests,\u201d the country\u2019s Ministry of Defence and Military Veterans said in a statement, hours before Lavrov hailed Pretoria\u2019s \u201cindependent and balanced\u201d stance on the war in Ukraine.<\/p>\n
Yellen\u2019s visit takes place six months after the US announced a new strategy that aims to reverse years of perceived neglect of Africa. Biden followed up on the plan by hosting a summit of its leaders in Washington last month.<\/p>\n
While he pledged to secure $55 billion of new investments and to revamp a trade law that gives about three dozen nations duty-free access to the world\u2019s biggest economy, the renewed bid to forge closer ties lags China\u2019s billions of dollars of financing and infrastructure to the continent and Russia\u2019s efforts to sustain historic political and ideological relations.<\/p>\n
Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine has made it all the more important for the US to back up its positive rhetoric with concrete action, according to Scott Morris, a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development who served as a US Treasury official in the Obama administration.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe stakes are higher now, and there may be more on offer from the US side,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n
Yellen started her tour in Senegal, where she blamed Russia for worsening Africa\u2019s economic problems and took a separate swipe at China over its lending practices, contrasting US actions with the behavior of its biggest rivals.<\/p>\n
In her speech in the capital, Dakar, Yellen emphasized the role the US has played in fostering development and improving access to health and energy. She attended the launch of a rural electrification project an hour outside the city on Saturday, then visited a community health center in Lusaka, Zambia\u2019s capital, on Monday. Both projects have received US assistance.<\/p>\n
A day after singling out Russia and China in Senegal, Yellen sought to downplay the apparent competition between global powers for sway, saying the US wasn\u2019t forcing African nations to choose between partners.<\/p>\n
Vying for influence \u201cjust isn\u2019t the focus of my visit at all. I know it\u2019s a completely natural question. It is not at all what I\u2019m focused on,\u201d she told reporters. \u201cOur interest is in partnering with Africa. This is not a competition with China.\u201d<\/p>\n
Even so, Yellen \u2014 who meets with South African President Cyril Ramaphosa Wednesday \u2014 and other US officials have criticized China for overburdening Africa with loans and dragging its feet on providing debt relief \u2014 accusations Chinese Foreign Minister Qin Gang rejected while visiting Ethiopia earlier this month.<\/p>\n
The US has also accused Russia of exacerbating food and energy insecurity in Africa, but has hit a brick wall in its efforts to persuade the continent to take a harder line against Moscow, with many nations abstaining from votes on United Nations motions condemning the invasion of Ukraine.<\/p>\n
South Africa has been particularly vociferous in its refusal to take sides in the conflict, despite securing a pledge of billions of dollars of cheap loans from Western nations last year to help it transition to cleaner forms of energy.<\/p>\n
South Africa\u2019s two-way trade with Russia amounted to just $1.46 billion in 2021, a fraction of the $53.1 billion it had with China and the $22.7 billion with the US. Leaders of the ruling African National Congress have longstanding ties with Moscow that stem from its support for the fight against White-minority rule.<\/p>\n
\u201cBoth our countries can and must do more to develop and capitalize on opportunities to increase our cooperation in the economic sphere,\u201d South African International Relations Minister Naledi Pandor told reporters Monday at a briefing before meeting with Russian Foreign Affairs Minister Sergei Lavrov.<\/p>\n
\u201cOur wish is that the conflict currently between Russia and the Ukraine will soon be brought to a peaceful end through diplomacy and negotiation.\u201d<\/p>\n
Lavrov responded by praising South Africa for its \u201cindependent and balanced\u201d stance and rejected what he said was an attempt to \u201cmonopolize international relations\u201d and rebutted criticism of the military exercises, saying they\u2019re being conducted in a \u201ctransparent\u201d manner.<\/p>\n
The competition for alliances in Africa works to the continent\u2019s advantage, said Sanusha Naidu, an independent political analyst.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe key for African nations is to extract the best they can from these various geopolitical rivals, rather than aligning themselves with any of them,\u201d she said by phone from Cape Town. \u201cCountries must not allow these big geopolitical actors to dictate to them but to act in their own best interests.\u201d<\/p>\n